{"id":6220,"date":"2025-02-21T14:51:42","date_gmt":"2025-02-21T14:51:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/assedel.org\/?p=6220"},"modified":"2025-09-04T09:05:40","modified_gmt":"2025-09-04T09:05:40","slug":"judicial-independence-in-europe-safeguarding-a-cornerstone-of-democracy-amid-democratic-backsliding","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/assedel.org\/fr\/judicial-independence-in-europe-safeguarding-a-cornerstone-of-democracy-amid-democratic-backsliding\/","title":{"rendered":"L'Ind\u00e9pendance Judiciaire en Europe: Pr\u00e9server une Pierre Angulaire de la D\u00e9mocratie Face au l\u2019\u00c9rosion D\u00e9mocratique"},"content":{"rendered":"<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<div class=\"embed-container\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"L&#039;Ind\u00e9pendance Judiciaire en Europe: Pr\u00e9server une Pierre Angulaire de la D\u00e9mocratie Face au l\u2019\u00c9rosion D\u00e9mocratique\" width=\"1140\" height=\"641\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/QLrlO8SRYzY?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">                                                                                     Video recap of the event<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>On Monday 17th February 2025, ASSEDEL hosted a crucial conference in the Science Po Strasbourg on the state of judicial independence across Europe, featuring distinguished guests such as Ledi Bianku \u2013 Former Judge of the European Court of Human Rights, Fredrik Sundberg \u2013 Former Chief of the Department for the Execution of the European Court of Human Rights, Dr. Kadar Andras Kristof \u2013 Co-chair of the Hungarian Helskinki Committee, Professor Ireneusz C. Kaminski \u2013 Institute of Law Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences, Prof Veronika Fikfak \u2013 Co-director of the UCL Institute for Human Rights and Dr. Jesper Wittrup \u2013 International consultant, Metiri Consult. Leading experts in the fields of law, economics, and human rights gathered to discuss the state of judicial independence in Europe. The discussions centered around two key case studies &#8211; Yal\u00e7\u0131nkaya v. T\u00fcrkiye and Baka v. Hungary.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Cette r\u00e9cente conf\u00e9rence a mis en lumi\u00e8re les d\u00e9fis urgents auxquels l'ind\u00e9pendance judiciaire est confront\u00e9e dans certaines parties de l'Europe, alors que les inqui\u00e9tudes croissantes sur le recul d\u00e9mocratique dans la r\u00e9gion se multiplient. Deux \u00e9tudes de cas cl\u00e9s \u2013 Yal\u00e7\u0131nkaya c. Turquie et Baka c. Hongrie \u2013 ont soulign\u00e9 les menaces persistantes pesant sur l'\u00e9tat de droit et la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 urgente d'une action concert\u00e9e pour prot\u00e9ger ce pilier fondamental d'une d\u00e9mocratie viable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>L'affaire Yal\u00e7\u0131nkaya a r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 l'utilisation abusive et syst\u00e9matique des lois antiterroristes en Turquie, conduisant \u00e0 la d\u00e9tention arbitraire de plus de 100 000 personnes. Cette tendance inqui\u00e9tante est r\u00e9v\u00e9latrice du recul d\u00e9mocratique dans le pays, fragilisant la protection de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 sous l'\u00c9tat de droit. Dans son arr\u00eat, la Cour europ\u00e9enne des droits de l'homme a constat\u00e9 de graves violations du principe de l\u00e9galit\u00e9, soulignant l'importance de la pr\u00e9visibilit\u00e9 et du respect de la proc\u00e9dure dans l'application du droit p\u00e9nal. Cette affaire, est un rappel frappant de la mani\u00e8re dont l'application s\u00e9lective et politis\u00e9e du droit peut \u00e9roder les fondements d'un pouvoir judiciaire ind\u00e9pendant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Dans l'affaire Baka c. Hongrie, la CEDH a adress\u00e9 une s\u00e9v\u00e8re r\u00e9primande au gouvernement hongrois pour ses tentatives de museler la libert\u00e9 d'expression des juges dans le cadre de ses efforts plus larges visant \u00e0 consolider son pouvoir. La Cour a estim\u00e9 que le gouvernement avait effectu\u00e9 des modifications constitutionnelles pour r\u00e9voquer un juge exp\u00e9riment\u00e9 et franc, Andr\u00e1s Baka, qui avait occup\u00e9 la pr\u00e9sidence du Conseil national judiciaire de Hongrie. En destituant Baka et en le rempla\u00e7ant par des personnes plus mall\u00e9ables, les autorit\u00e9s hongroises ont emp\u00each\u00e9 les juges de s'exprimer publiquement sur les menaces pesant sur l'ind\u00e9pendance judiciaire. L'arr\u00eat de la CEDH a affirm\u00e9 que les juges doivent \u00eatre autoris\u00e9s \u00e0 participer aux d\u00e9bats publics sur les r\u00e9formes l\u00e9gislatives affectant la justice, car il ne s'agit pas seulement de leur droit, mais aussi de leur devoir face au recul d\u00e9mocratique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Les experts pr\u00e9sents \u00e0 la conf\u00e9rence ont mis en garde contre l'effet de \"contagion\", o\u00f9 les pratiques corrosives employ\u00e9es par certains gouvernements pour affaiblir l'ind\u00e9pendance judiciaire risquent de se propager \u00e0 d'autres pays si elles ne sont pas neutralis\u00e9es. Ils ont \u00e9galement soulign\u00e9 le r\u00f4le crucial de l'ind\u00e9pendance judiciaire dans la construction de la confiance sociale, un facteur cl\u00e9 de la r\u00e9ussite des entreprises de taille moyenne et du d\u00e9veloppement \u00e9conomique d'un pays. S'appuyant sur des preuves empiriques solides, l\u2019expert Dr. Jesper Wittrup a mis en \u00e9vidence le lien fort entre l'\u00c9tat de droit, y compris l'ind\u00e9pendance judiciaire, et la croissance \u00e9conomique, soulignant les enjeux consid\u00e9rables de la lutte contre le recul d\u00e9mocratique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>La protection de l'ind\u00e9pendance judiciaire reste une priorit\u00e9 urgente dans certaines parties de l'Europe, car l'\u00e9rosion de ce pilier fondamental de la d\u00e9mocratie menace de d\u00e9manteler les bases m\u00eames du projet europ\u00e9en. En tant que garants de l'\u00c9tat de droit, nous devons continuer \u00e0 d\u00e9fendre avec vigilance cet \u00e9l\u00e9ment essentiel d'une d\u00e9mocratie saine. Seul un engagement continu et in\u00e9branlable en faveur de l'ind\u00e9pendance de la justice peut garantir la prosp\u00e9rit\u00e9 et la stabilit\u00e9 continues de nos institutions europ\u00e9ennes et prot\u00e9ger les droits et libert\u00e9s de tous les citoyens.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>La conf\u00e9rence a servi d'appel \u00e0 l'action, soulignant la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 d'une vigilance renouvel\u00e9e et d'une action collective pour lutter contre l'\u00e9rosion de l'ind\u00e9pendance judiciaire dans certains pays europ\u00e9ens, face \u00e0 la mont\u00e9e inqui\u00e9tante du recul d\u00e9mocratique. En tirant les le\u00e7ons des affaires Yal\u00e7\u0131nkaya et Baka, et en renfor\u00e7ant l'importance cruciale d'un pouvoir judiciaire ind\u00e9pendant pour la gouvernance d\u00e9mocratique et le d\u00e9veloppement \u00e9conomique, nous pouvons \u0153uvrer au renforcement de la r\u00e9silience de nos syst\u00e8mes judiciaires et \u00e0 la protection des valeurs fondamentales qui sous-tendent le projet europ\u00e9en.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pour lire le contenu du mat\u00e9riel pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 par Andr\u00e1s K\u00e1d\u00e1r: <em>Judicial independence and freedom of judicial expression in illiberal systems \u2013 the Hungarian example<\/em>cliquez <a href=\"https:\/\/assedel.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/strasbourg-judicial-FoE-2025-02-17-2-1.pdf\" data-type=\"attachment\" data-id=\"6226\">ici.<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Sur le th\u00e8me <em>Judicial Independence and Economic Growth, Games, History and Empirical Evidence<\/em>pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 par Jesper Wittrup, cliquez <a href=\"https:\/\/assedel.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/judicial-independence-and-economic-growth.pdf\" data-type=\"attachment\" data-id=\"6225\">ici.<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pour lire la transcription compl\u00e8te de la conf\u00e9rence sur L'Importance de l'Ind\u00e9pendance Judiciaire en Europe \u00e0 la lumi\u00e8re de deux \u00e9tudes de cas : Yalcinkaya c. Turquie et Baka c. Hongrie, tenue le 17 f\u00e9vrier 2025 \u00e0 Strasbourg, cliquez <a href=\"https:\/\/assedel.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/Final-Entire-Transcription-word-1.pdf\" data-type=\"attachment\" data-id=\"6292\">ici.<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed aligncenter is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<div class=\"embed-container\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"The lmportance of Judicial Independence, two case studies: Yal\u00e7\u0131nkaya v. T\u00fcrkiye and Baka v. Hungary\" width=\"1140\" height=\"641\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/UuLy2WShFkA?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Live Stream Replay<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<style id=\"bwg-style-0\">  #bwg_container1_0 {    display: table;\t\/*visibility: hidden;*\/  }  #bwg_container1_0 * {\t  -moz-user-select: none;\t  -khtml-user-select: none;\t  -webkit-user-select: none;\t  -ms-user-select: none;\t  user-select: none;  }  #bwg_container1_0 #bwg_container2_0 .bwg_slideshow_image_wrap_0 {\t  background-color: #F2F2F2;\t  width: 800px;\t  height: 500px;  }  #bwg_container1_0 #bwg_container2_0 .bwg_slideshow_image_0 {\t  max-width: 800px;\t  max-height: 410px;  }  #bwg_container1_0 #bwg_container2_0 .bwg_slideshow_embed_0 {    width: 800px;  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