{"id":4835,"date":"2024-05-28T13:40:26","date_gmt":"2024-05-28T13:40:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/assedel.org\/?p=4835"},"modified":"2025-09-04T09:32:46","modified_gmt":"2025-09-04T09:32:46","slug":"policy-paper-the-integration-of-migrants-in-france-through-language-learning","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/assedel.org\/fr\/policy-paper-the-integration-of-migrants-in-france-through-language-learning\/","title":{"rendered":"Document Politique : L\u2019int\u00e9gration des migrants en France \u00e0 travers l\u2019apprentissage de la langue"},"content":{"rendered":"

Migration issues are at the heart of debates in France, particularly highlighted during the 2022 presidential elections. An IFOP survey shows that only 21% of respondents believe that \u201cmost refugees who come to France will succeed in integrating into society,\u201d1<\/sup><\/a> tandis que 46 % r\u00e9pondent l\u2019inverse. Cependant, une grande majorit\u00e9 consid\u00e8re que l\u2019apprentissage de la langue est essentiel pour une v\u00e9ritable int\u00e9gration.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Migrants, refugees, and asylum seekers in France are protected by national, European, and international texts. They are also defined by international bodies, such as the United Nations, which defines a migrant as anyone who has resided in a foreign country for more than a year, regardless of the reasons or means of migration. The 1951 Geneva Convention specifies the definition of \u201crefugee\u201d2<\/sup><\/a> et les droits associ\u00e9s. Tandis qu\u2019au niveau national, en France, l\u2019OFPRA est responsable de la reconnaissance du statut de r\u00e9fugi\u00e9 et de la d\u00e9livrance des cartes de r\u00e9sidence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La ma\u00eetrise de la langue du pays d\u2019accueil est primordiale pour l\u2019int\u00e9gration sociale et professionnelle des migrants. En France, la langue fran\u00e7aise est un pr\u00e9alable pour la communication de base, l\u2019acc\u00e8s aux services m\u00e9dicaux, l\u2019emploi, le logement et la nationalit\u00e9. Par exemple, le niveau A1.1 de fran\u00e7ais est requis pour la r\u00e9sidence et le niveau B1 pour obtenir la nationalit\u00e9. La langue joue \u00e9galement un r\u00f4le cl\u00e9 dans la construction identitaire, rassemblant ceux qui la parlent et excluant ceux qui ne la parlent pas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In France, various initiatives exist to teach French to migrants. For example, there are courses for asylum seekers and refugees, provided in reception centers (CADA) and by various associations. There is also the Republican Integration Contract (CIR) signed by all first-time foreign arrivals, it is a commitment for them to undergo one-year language training. Online applications such as \u201cLiving in France\u201d and \u201cHappy FLE\u201d offer free courses, but they are criticized for lacking the human interaction necessary for efficient learning.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les dispositifs en ligne sont critiqu\u00e9s pour leur manque d\u2019accompagnement personnalis\u00e9. En effet, les t\u00e9moignages de migrants indiquent que l\u2019auto-apprentissage est souvent insuffisant. De plus, les cours au-del\u00e0 du niveau B1 sont rares et co\u00fbteux, posant des obstacles \u00e0 l\u2019int\u00e9gration professionnelle des migrants qualifi\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

La Charte sociale europ\u00e9enne impose aux Etats membres de l\u2019union europ\u00e9enne des obligations en termes d\u2019\u00e9ducation et d\u2019int\u00e9gration des migrants. L\u2019article 19 exige la facilitation de l\u2019apprentissage de la langue nationale pour les travailleurs migrants et leurs familles. Cependant, les dispositifs mis en place par la France sont jug\u00e9s insuffisants, violant ainsi cet article.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Faced with the inadequacy and mismatch of online programs offered by the state, civil society has mobilized to offer better-tailored training to the needs of migrant individuals. In France, there are approximately 1500 associations dedicated to such initiatives. Among these, the \u201cDuos de demain\u201d program, led by France Terre d\u2019Asile and CFDT, stands out for its linguistic mentoring approach, where voluntary French citizens teach French to migrants. This facilitates language learning with practical implications, social bonding, and prejudice reduction.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

De nombreuses associations proposent \u00e9galement des cours de fran\u00e7ais en pr\u00e9sentiel, comme Alsace Syrie, la Fondation Arm\u00e9e du Salut, CASAS et ABAJAD. Cependant, ces initiatives ne sont pas suffisantes, les cours manquent souvent de r\u00e9gularit\u00e9 et les enseignants b\u00e9n\u00e9voles ne sont pas toujours form\u00e9s. De plus, les diff\u00e9rences de niveau au sein des groupes d\u2019apprenants et le manque de suivi p\u00e9dagogique aggravent ces probl\u00e8mes, obligeant souvent les migrants \u00e0 recourir \u00e0 des logiciels de traduction pour communiquer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pour r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 ces pr\u00e9occupations, d\u2019apr\u00e8s son analyse l\u2019ASSEDEL propose plusieurs recommandations. Tout d\u2019abord offrir une formation linguistique accessible, r\u00e9guli\u00e8re et gratuite \u00e0 tous les migrants, tout en assurant une formation aux enseignants afin de garantir la qualit\u00e9 de la formation. Cr\u00e9er des cours de niveaux diff\u00e9rents va permettre aux migrants de suivre la formation jusqu\u2019au niveau C2. Et enfin, donner la possibilit\u00e9 de passer des tests de certification.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

En somme, l\u2019apprentissage de la langue fran\u00e7aise est essentiel pour l\u2019int\u00e9gration des migrants en France. De nombreux dispositifs existent pour l\u2019apprentissage de la langue, mais ils sont insuffisants et n\u00e9cessitent des am\u00e9liorations pour respecter les obligations internationales et permettre l\u2019int\u00e9gration des migrants.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pour lire l\u2019int\u00e9gralit\u00e9 du travail, veuillez cliquer ici.<\/a><\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n

1<\/a> IFOP. ( juillet 2017). Les Fran\u00e7ais et leurs perceptions de l\u2019immigration, des r\u00e9fugi\u00e9s et de l\u2019identit\u00e9. https:\/\/www.ifop.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/03\/3814-1-study_file.pdf<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2<\/a> Amnesty International. \u00ab Qu\u2019est-ce qu\u2019une personne r\u00e9fugi\u00e9e, migrante ou demandeuse d\u2019asile\u202f? \u00bb Consult\u00e9 le 23 juin 2023. https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/fr\/what-we-do\/refugees-asylum-seekers-and-personnes en situation de migration \/.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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