
{"id":3212,"date":"2023-08-17T11:37:16","date_gmt":"2023-08-17T11:37:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/assedel.org\/?p=3212"},"modified":"2024-03-30T16:01:15","modified_gmt":"2024-03-30T16:01:15","slug":"submission-from-assedel-for-the-commission-of-venise-on-the-established-practice-of-article-49-3-of-the-french-constitution","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/assedel.org\/fr\/submission-from-assedel-for-the-commission-of-venise-on-the-established-practice-of-article-49-3-of-the-french-constitution\/","title":{"rendered":"Soumission de l\u2019ASSEDEL pour la Commission de Venise concernant l\u2019usage de l\u2019article 49.3 de la constitution fran\u00e7aise (support\u00e9 par des visuels)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>La Commission de Venise a rendu, le 13 juin 2023, son <strong><em><a href=\"https:\/\/assedel.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/default-4_230615_174929.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">avis int\u00e9rimaire<\/a><\/em><\/strong> sur l\u2019article 49 de la Constitution fran\u00e7aise et la pratique qui en est faite par le gouvernement. La Commission souligne plusieurs inqui\u00e9tudes concernant cette proc\u00e9dure permettant d\u2019adopter un projet de loi sans vote<sup>th<\/sup> l\u2019Assembl\u00e9e nationale en engageant la responsabilit\u00e9 du gouvernement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>L\u2019ASSEDEL a souhait\u00e9 faire part \u00e0 la Commission de sa propre analyse des enjeux et des risques d\u2019une pratique abusive d\u2019un tel article, elle a donc soumis un rapport identifiant quatre probl\u00e9matiques\u00a0: la combinaison de l\u2019article 49 \u00e0 d\u2019autres outils de parlementarisme rationalis\u00e9, son incompatibilit\u00e9 avec l\u2019article 6 de la D\u00e9claration des Droits de l\u2019Homme de 1789, l\u2019importance de consid\u00e9rer la distinction entre constitutionnalit\u00e9 et l\u00e9gitimit\u00e9 d\u00e9mocratique et enfin, la faiblesse de la motion de censure.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nous vous invitons \u00e0 consulter le rapport de l\u2019ASSEDEL <strong><em><a href=\"https:\/\/assedel.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Soumission-ASSEDEL-49.3-2.pdf\">ici<\/a>.<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>La Commission a confirm\u00e9, dans son avis, avoir re\u00e7u les observations de notre association. Nous constatons par ailleurs de nombreuses convergences entre son analyse et celle de l\u2019ASSEDEL.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Il appara\u00eet n\u00e9cessaire de dresser un bilan des observations et des recommandations issues de cet avis afin de souligner les inqui\u00e9tudes communes qui \u00e9mergent concernant l\u2019utilisation de l\u2019article 49 alin\u00e9a 3 en France.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-custom-weight\">Observations de l\u2019ASSEDEL sur l\u2019avis de la Commission de Venise<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Avant toute chose, la Commission n\u2019ignore pas l\u2019importance de l\u2019objet premier de cet article, permettre au gouvernement de conserver une forte stabilit\u00e9 et d\u2019avoir la capacit\u00e9 de conduire la politique du pays. Elle comprend la volont\u00e9 et la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 de contrer l\u2019instabilit\u00e9 de la Quatri\u00e8me R\u00e9publique par des m\u00e9thodes de parlementarisme rationalis\u00e9 et souligne l\u2019efficacit\u00e9 d\u2019une telle proc\u00e9dure de passage en force dans ce but pr\u00e9cis (\u00a79).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>N\u00e9anmoins, tout comme l\u2019ASSEDEL, la Commission de Venise fait \u00e9tat de ses inqui\u00e9tudes et identifie trois principaux enjeux\u00a0: le pluralisme, la s\u00e9paration des pouvoirs et la souverainet\u00e9 du l\u00e9gislateur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Article 49 of the Constitution is identified by the Commission as a \u201cfreestanding law-making power in the hands of the executive\u201d<sup><strong><a href=\"#sdfootnote1sym\">1<\/a><\/strong><\/sup> et non comme une d\u00e9l\u00e9gation (\u00a725). Cette d\u00e9finition pose un \u00e9vident probl\u00e8me de s\u00e9paration des pouvoirs et permet de soulever la trop grande immixtion, permise par cet article, de l\u2019ex\u00e9cutif dans les pr\u00e9rogatives du l\u00e9gislateur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>En tant que gardienne de l\u2019Etat de droits, la Commission de Venise rappelle que le pluralisme est un des \u00e9l\u00e9ments indispensables pour un Etat d\u00e9mocratique comme la France. Un m\u00e9canisme constitutionnel tel que le 49 alin\u00e9a 3, permettant de contourner tout d\u00e9bat parlementaire et, par cons\u00e9quent, d\u2019invisibiliser tout un panel d\u2019opinions d\u2019opposition, est pr\u00e9occupant au sein d\u2019un Etat de droit. C\u2019est dans l\u2019optique d\u2019att\u00e9nuer les risques de d\u00e9gradation du d\u00e9bat d\u00e9mocratique et de sauvegarde de la diversit\u00e9 des opinions que la Commission recommande de rendre obligatoire la pratique qui consiste \u00e0 activer l\u2019article 49 alin\u00e9a 3 qu\u2019apr\u00e8s la discussion g\u00e9n\u00e9rale (\u00a747) offrant un espace de visibilit\u00e9 pour la diversit\u00e9 d\u2019opinions des partis d\u2019opposition.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In our report, we underlined the danger represented by Article 49 in the balance of power between Parliament and the Executive, already initially unbalanced by the introduction of the mechanisms of rationalized parliamentarism. In a similar vein, the Commission highlights the singularity of the French mechanism, which \u201cdoes not provide for the Prime Minister to seek the confidence of the National Assembly in order to encourage approval of the law\u201d<a id=\"sdfootnote2anc\" href=\"#sdfootnote2sym\"><sup>2<\/sup><\/a> (\u00a741). We believe that such a procedure would make it possible to mitigate the violence of a \u201cpassage en force\u201d procedure such as Article 49, while providing the executive with a tool enabling it to pursue its policy. Article 49 provides for the opposite mechanism, placing the legislator in the role of initiator of the motion of censure. Confidence is not sought by the executive, and once again, the role of the legislator is weakened.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The Commission raises the same fears as ASSEDEL regarding the motion of censure, arguing that this tool does not offer a sufficiently contentious forum for MPs, with its \u201cvery high cost\u201d <a id=\"sdfootnote3anc\" href=\"#sdfootnote3sym\"><sup>3<\/sup><\/a>(bringing down the government) and its overly limited scope, preventing parliamentarians from amending the bill. Like ASSEDEL in its report, the Commission relies on Eleanora Bottini\u2019s observations to assert that by voting on the motion of censure, the National Assembly is not voting for or against the law in question, but for or against maintaining the government in office.<a id=\"sdfootnote4anc\" href=\"#sdfootnote4sym\"><sup>4<\/sup><\/a> , il n\u2019y a donc aucun moyen pour l\u2019Assembl\u00e9e nationale de se prononcer sur le projet de loi en question (\u00a743).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>ASSEDEL would like to add to this analysis that the procedure for adopting a motion of censure is highly conducive to its failure, as we demonstrated in our report. This mechanism, which represents the National Assembly\u2019s only means of action in the event of activation of 49 paragraph 3, favors executive maneuvering and, moreover, has only succeeded once in the course of the Fifth Republic.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Like ASSEDEL, the Commission is concerned that the combination of article 49.3 with other tools of rationalized parliamentarism, such as article 47, risks further damaging parliamentary debate. It stresses the need to allow time for parliamentary debate (\u00a749). Nevertheless, it sees the Constitutional Council\u2019s control over \u201cthe clarity and sincerity of parliamentary debates\u201d<a href=\"#sdfootnote5sym\" id=\"sdfootnote5anc\"><sup>5<\/sup><\/a> d\u00e9bat parlementaire (\u00a749).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Elle consid\u00e8re n\u00e9anmoins le contr\u00f4le du Conseil constitutionnel sur \u00ab\u00a0la clart\u00e9 et la sinc\u00e9rit\u00e9 des d\u00e9bats parlementaire\u00a0\u00bb5 comme une garantie, l\u2019ASSEDEL s\u2019oppose sur ce point comme elle l\u2019explique dans son rapport, elle ne consid\u00e8re par le contr\u00f4le du Conseil constitutionnel, notamment \u00e0 travers l\u2019approche purement positiviste adopt\u00e9e dans sa d\u00e9cision 2023-848 DC, comme un moyen efficace de garantir la sauvegarde d\u2019un d\u00e9bat d\u00e9mocratique qualitatif.<a href=\"#sdfootnote6sym\" id=\"sdfootnote6anc\"><sup>6<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>L\u2019ASSEDEL rejoint toutefois l\u2019avis de la Commission lorsqu\u2019elle affirme que le Conseil constitutionnel, \u00e0 travers son simple contr\u00f4le du respect de la proc\u00e9dure, n\u2019offre pas une garantie suffisante quant \u00e0 la supr\u00e9matie du pouvoir l\u00e9gislatif.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<div class=\"embed-container\"><iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Examining the Impact of Article49 on French Democracy: ASSEDEL&#039;s Submission to the Venice Commission\" width=\"1140\" height=\"641\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/MJGEJ-rVP5g?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-cyan-bluish-gray-color has-text-color has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#sdfootnote1anc\" id=\"sdfootnote1sym\">1<\/a> Venice Commission, \u2018\u2018France \u2013 interim opinion on the Article 49.3 of the Constitution\u2019, para 25 \u201cArticle 49.3 of the French Constitution is not a form of delegation but is best viewed as a freestanding law-making power in the hands of the executive\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-cyan-bluish-gray-color has-text-color has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#sdfootnote2anc\" id=\"sdfootnote2sym\">2<\/a> Venice Commission, \u2018\u2018France \u2013 interim opinion on the Article 49.3 of the Constitution\u2019 para 41, \u201cArticle 41 does not provide for the possibility for the Prime Minister to request the confidence of the National Assembly in order to incite the approval of the law\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-cyan-bluish-gray-color has-text-color has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#sdfootnote3anc\" id=\"sdfootnote3sym\">3<\/a> ASSEDEL, \u2018Lettre pour la commission de venise concernant l\u2019usage de l\u2019article 49 de la constitution fran\u00e7aise\u2019, \u00ab\u00a0En r\u00e9alit\u00e9, les d\u00e9put\u00e9s, \u00e0 travers le vote de la motion, ne se prononcent pas \u00ab\u00a0pour\u00a0\u00bb ou \u00ab\u00a0contre\u00a0\u00bb le texte propos\u00e9, mais \u00ab\u00a0pour\u00a0\u00bb ou \u00ab\u00a0contre\u00a0\u00bb le maintien du gouvernement en place. L\u2019objet de ce vote ne refl\u00e8te donc pas l\u2019avis du l\u00e9gislateur sur le texte en question\u00a0\u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-cyan-bluish-gray-color has-text-color has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#sdfootnote4anc\" id=\"sdfootnote4sym\">4<\/a> Eleonora Bottini, \u2018Constitutional? Perhaps. Democratic? Not so much\u2019 (27 march 2023), Verfassungsblog: On Matters Constitutional, <https:><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-cyan-bluish-gray-color has-text-color has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#sdfootnote5anc\" id=\"sdfootnote5sym\">5<\/a> Venice Commission, \u2018France \u2013 interim opinion on the Article 49.3 of the Constitution\u2019 para 49 \u201cThe control of the Constitutional Council of the \u00ab\u00a0clarity and sincerity\u00a0\u00bb of the parliamentary debates, however, may represent a guarantee against excess\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-cyan-bluish-gray-color has-text-color has-small-font-size\"><a href=\"#sdfootnote6anc\" id=\"sdfootnote6sym\">6<\/a> ASSEDEL, \u2018\u2018Lettre pour la commission de venise concernant l\u2019usage de l\u2019article 49 de la constitution fran\u00e7aise\u2019, \u00ab\u00a0Le conseil constitutionnel, dans sa d\u00e9cision num\u00e9ro 2023-849 DC, adopte une approche purement positiviste de la constitution qui ne lui permet pas d\u2019\u00a0\u00ab\u00a0endosser les habits du garant des droits\u00a0\u00bb [\u2026] ni d\u2019aboutir \u00e0 une r\u00e9flexion sur les risques de d\u00e9gradation du d\u00e9bat d\u00e9mocratique et de l\u2019Etat de droit.\u00a0\u00bb<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The Venice Commission published its opinion on article 49 of the French constitution and its established practice on the 13th of June&#8230;<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4079,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"give_campaign_id":0,"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[30,29],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-3212","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-council-of-europe-eng","8":"category-submissions-eng"},"uagb_featured_image_src":{"full":["https:\/\/assedel.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Copy-of-Freedom-of-Speech1.png",1200,675,false],"thumbnail":["https:\/\/assedel.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Copy-of-Freedom-of-Speech1-150x150.png",150,150,true],"medium":["https:\/\/assedel.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Copy-of-Freedom-of-Speech1-300x169.png",300,169,true],"medium_large":["https:\/\/assedel.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Copy-of-Freedom-of-Speech1-768x432.png",768,432,true],"large":["https:\/\/assedel.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Copy-of-Freedom-of-Speech1-1024x576.png",1024,576,true],"1536x1536":["https:\/\/assedel.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Copy-of-Freedom-of-Speech1.png",1200,675,false],"2048x2048":["https:\/\/assedel.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Copy-of-Freedom-of-Speech1.png",1200,675,false],"trp-custom-language-flag":["https:\/\/assedel.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Copy-of-Freedom-of-Speech1.png",18,10,false],"inhype-blog-thumb":["https:\/\/assedel.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Copy-of-Freedom-of-Speech1-1140x675.png",1140,675,true],"inhype-blog-thumb-grid":["https:\/\/assedel.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Copy-of-Freedom-of-Speech1-555x360.png",555,360,true],"inhype-blog-thumb-widget":["https:\/\/assedel.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Copy-of-Freedom-of-Speech1-220x180.png",220,180,true],"inhype-blog-thumb-masonry":["https:\/\/assedel.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/Copy-of-Freedom-of-Speech1-360x203.png",360,203,true]},"uagb_author_info":{"display_name":"assedel","author_link":"https:\/\/assedel.org\/fr\/author\/assedel\/"},"uagb_comment_info":0,"uagb_excerpt":"The Venice Commission published its opinion on article 49 of the French constitution and its established practice on the 13th of June...","amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/assedel.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3212","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/assedel.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/assedel.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/assedel.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/assedel.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3212"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/assedel.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3212\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4510,"href":"https:\/\/assedel.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3212\/revisions\/4510"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/assedel.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4079"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/assedel.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3212"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/assedel.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3212"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/assedel.org\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3212"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}